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2016-08-16 08:49:00 发表 |
不要讹传讹！欧盟旗与圣母无关。下面是欧盟关于该旗的官方解释。
Against the blue sky of the Western world, the stars represent the peoples of Europe in a circle, a symbol of unity. Their number shall be invariably set at twelve, the symbol of completeness and perfection.
— Council of Europe. Paris, 7–9 December 1955[56]
Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Spain, Italy, Cyprus, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Hungary, Malta, Austria, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia and the Slovak Republic declare that the flag with a circle of twelve golden stars on a blue background, the anthem based on the ‘Ode to Joy’ from the Ninth Symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven, the motto ‘United in diversity’, the euro as the currency of the European Union and Europe Day on 9 May will for them continue as symbols to express the sense of community of the people in the European Union and their allegiance to it.
Final Act, Official Journal of the European Union, 2007 C 306–2[25]
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2016-08-16 08:45:34 发表 |
The Flag of Europe, or European Flag, consists of a circle of 12 golden (yellow) stars on an azure background. It is an official symbol of two separate organizations — the Council of Europe (CoE) and the European Union (EU) — both of which term it the "Flag of Europe" or the "European Flag". It was first adopted in 1955 by the Council of Europe to represent the European continent as a whole. Due to the subsequent emergence of the EU, the flag is sometimes colloquially known as the "flag of the European Union", but this term is not official.[3]
The flag was designed in 1955 for the Council of Europe as its symbol, and the CoE urged it to be adopted by other organisations. In 1985 the European Economic Community (EEC), adopted it as its own flag (having had no flag of its own before) at the initiative of the European Parliament.
The flag is not mentioned in the EU's treaties, its incorporation being dropped along with the European Constitution, but it is formally adopted in law. In order to avoid confusion with the European Union, the Council of Europe has a distinctive "Council of Europe Logo", which employs a lower-case "e" in the centre. The Logo is not meant to be a substitute for the flag, which the Council flies in front of and in its headquarters, annexes and field office premises.
Since its adoption by the European Union it has become more associated with the EU due to the EU's higher profile and heavy usage of the emblem. The flag has also been used to represent Europe in sporting events and as a pro-democracy banner outside the Union.[4][5] It has partly inspired other flags, such as those of other European organisations and those of sovereign states where the EU has been heavily involved (such as Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina).
Contents [hide]
1 History
1.1 Creation
1.2 European Communities
1.3 Previous flags
1.4 Barcode flag
1.5 Recent events
2 Usage
2.1 Council of Europe
2.2 European Union
2.2.1 Protocol
2.2.2 Military and naval use
2.3 Ukraine
2.4 Wider use
3 Design
3.1 Colours
3.2 Number of stars
4 Derivative designs
5 Marian interpretation
6 Similar flags
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
History[edit]
Creation[edit]
The search for a symbol began in 1950 when a committee was set up in order to look into the question of a European flag. There were numerous proposals but a clear theme for stars and circles emerged.[6] Count Richard Nikolaus von Coudenhove-Kalergi proposed that they adopt the flag of his International Paneuropean Union, which was a blue field, with a red cross inside an orange circle at the centre, which he had himself recently adopted for the European Parliamentary Union.[7] Due to the cross symbolism, this was rejected by Turkey (a member of the Council of Europe since 1949).[8] Kalergi then suggested adding a crescent to the cross design, to overcome the Muslim objections.[9] Another organisation's flag was the European Movement, which had a large green E on a white background.[10][11] A further design was one based on the Olympic rings: eight silver rings on a blue background. It was rejected due to the rings' similarity with "dial", "chain" and "zeros". One proposal had a large yellow star on a blue background, but it was rejected due to its similarity with the so-called Burnet flag and the flag of the Belgian Congo.[8]
The Consultative Assembly narrowed their choice to two designs. One was by Salvador de Madariaga, the founder of the College of Europe, who suggested a constellation of stars on a blue background[12] (positioned according to capital cities, with a large star for Strasbourg, the seat of the Council). He had circulated his flag round many European capitals and the concept had found favour.[13] The second was a variant by Arsene Heitz,[12] who worked for the Council's postal service and had submitted dozens of designs;[14] the design of his that was accepted by the Assembly was similar to Salvador de Madariaga's, but rather than a constellation, the stars were arranged in a circle.[12] In 1987, Heitz claimed that his inspiration had been the crown of twelve stars of the Woman of the Apocalypse, often found in Marian iconography (see below).[15]
The Consultative Assembly favoured Heitz's design. However, the flag the Assembly chose had fifteen stars, reflecting the number of states of the Council of Europe. The Consultative Assembly chose this flag and recommended the Council of Europe to adopt it.[16] The Committee of Ministers (the Council's main decision making body) agreed with the Assembly that the flag should be a circle of stars, but the number was a source of contention.[6] The number twelve was chosen, and Paul M. G. Levy drew up the exact design of the new flag as it is today.[6] The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe approved it on 25 October 1955. Adopted on 8 December 1955, the flag was unveiled at the Chateau de la Muette in Paris on 13 December 1955.[2][12]
Previous flags[edit]
1958–1972
1973–1980
1981–1985
1986–2002
FIAV historical.svg The consecutive flags of the now-defunct European Coal and Steel Community
1949–?
?–1993
1993–2011
FIAV historical.svg The consecutive flags of the now-defunct Western European Union
Further information: Flag of the European Coal and Steel Community and Flag of the Western European Union
Prior to development of political institutions, flags representing Europe were limited to unification movements. The most popular were the European Movement's large green 'E' on a white background, and the "Pan European flag" (see "Creation" below).[12] With the development of institutions, aside from the Council of Europe, came other emblems and flags. None were intended to represent wider Europe and have since been replaced by the current flag of Europe.
The first major organisation to adopt one was the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), which merged into the European Communities. The ECSC was created in 1952 and the flag of the ECSC was unveiled in 1958 Expo in Brussels.[18]
The flag had two stripes, blue at the top, black at the bottom with six gold (silver after 1973) stars, three on each stripe. Blue was for steel, black for coal and the stars were the six member-states. The stars increased with the members until 1986 when they were fixed at twelve. When the ECSC treaty expired in 2002, the flag was lowered outside the European Commission in Brussels and replaced with the European flag.[18][19][20]
FIAV historical.svg Former parliamentary flag
The European Parliament also used its own flag from 1973, but never formally adopted it. It fell out of use with the adoption of the twelve star flag by the Parliament in 1983. The flag followed the yellow and blue colour scheme however instead of twelve stars there were the letters EP and PE (initials of the European Parliament in the six community languages at the time) surrounded by a wreath.[21]
Koolhaas' flag proposal
Barcode flag[edit]
Further information: Rem Koolhaas § European Flag proposal
In 2002, Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas and his architecture firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) designed a new flag in response to Commission President Romano Prodi's request to find ways of rebranding the Union in a way that represents Europe's "diversity and unity". The proposed new design was dubbed the "barcode", as it displays the colors of every European flag (of the then 15 members) as vertical stripes. As well as the barcode comparison, it had been compared unfavourably to wallpaper, a TV test card, and deckchair fabric. Unlike the current flag, it would change to reflect the member states.[22]
It was never officially adopted by the EU or any organisation; however, it was used as the logo of the Austrian EU Presidency in 2006. It had been updated with the colours of the 10 members who had joined since the proposal, and was designed by Koolhaas's firm. Its described aim is "to portray Europe as the common effort of different nations, with each retaining its own unique cultural identity".[23] There were initially some complaints, as the stripes of the flag of Estonia were displayed incorrectly.
Recent events[edit]
In April 2004, the flag was flown in space for the first time by European Space Agency astronaut Andre Kuipers while on board the International Space Station.[24]
Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Spain, Italy, Cyprus, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Hungary, Malta, Austria, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia and the Slovak Republic declare that the flag with a circle of twelve golden stars on a blue background, the anthem based on the ‘Ode to Joy’ from the Ninth Symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven, the motto ‘United in diversity’, the euro as the currency of the European Union and Europe Day on 9 May will for them continue as symbols to express the sense of community of the people in the European Union and their allegiance to it.
Final Act, Official Journal of the European Union, 2007 C 306–2[25]
The flag was to have been given a formal status in the proposed European Constitution. However, since the ratification of that failed, the leaders removed the state-like elements such as the flag from the replacement Treaty of Lisbon. The European Parliament however had supported the inclusion of symbols, and in response backed a proposal to use the symbols, such as the flag more often in the Parliament. Jo Leinen MEP suggesting that the Parliament should again take the avant-garde in their use.[26] Later, in September 2008, Parliament's Committee on Constitutional Affairs proposed a formal change in the institution's rules of procedure to make better use of the symbols. Specifically, the flag would be present in all meeting rooms (not just the hemicycle) and at all official events.[27] The proposal was passed on 8 October 2008 by 503 votes to 96 (15 abstentions).[28]
Additionally, a declaration by sixteen Member States on the symbols, including the flag, was included in the final act of the Treaty of Lisbon stating that the flag, the anthem, the motto and the currency and Europe Day "will for them continue as symbols to express the sense of community of the people in the European Union and their allegiance to it."[25]Design[edit]
Vertical (unofficial) version
Construction sheet
The flag is rectangular with 2:3 proportions: its fly (width) is one and a half times the length of its hoist (height). Twelve gold (or yellow) stars are centered in a circle (the radius of which is a third of the length of the hoist) upon a blue background. All the stars are upright (one point straight up), have five points and are spaced equally according to the hour positions on the face of a clock. The diameter of each star is equal to one-ninth of the height of the hoist.[53][54]
The heraldic description given by the EU is: "On an azure field a circle of twelve golden mullets, their points not touching."[55] The Council of Europe gives the flag a symbolic description in the following terms;
Against the blue sky of the Western world, the stars represent the peoples of Europe in a circle, a symbol of unity. Their number shall be invariably set at twelve, the symbol of completeness and perfection.
— Council of Europe. Paris, 7–9 December 1955
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2016-08-16 08:41:49 发表 |
欧洲旗[编辑]
维基百科，自由的百科全书
关于欧洲各国的旗帜，请见“欧洲旗帜列表”。
欧洲旗
欧洲旗
类别 FIAV 110110.svg 民用旗（海陆）、政府旗（海陆）
比例 2:3
启用日期 欧洲委员会：1955年12月8日[1]
欧洲经济共同体：1985年6月29日[2]
形式 以深蓝色为底色，十二颗五角金星环成一圆
设计者 阿瑟·海茨、保罗·列维
目前欧洲联盟和欧洲委员会使用的旗帜以深蓝色为底色，十二颗五角金星环成一圆组成，是这两个组织的旗帜和徽章。两个组织都称它为“欧洲旗”代表整个大洲，但是在欧洲委员会中使用之外并无任何法律地位。“欧盟旗帜”一词无视了它和欧洲委员会的关系，但“欧洲委员会旗帜”一词未曾使用。
它经常被用作代表欧元区国家，以及松散地代表包括在欧盟及欧洲委员会外国家的整个欧洲大洲。五角星的数目不会因成员国的数目而改变，因其是用作表示全欧洲人民，包括非成员国的人民。[3]
该旗帜于1955年设计，用作欧洲委员会的象征，而委员会亦呼吁其他组织使用。1985年欧洲经济共同体提倡欧洲议会时，从没有旗帜改为采用该旗帜。
欧洲联盟基本条约并无提及此旗帜，而在欧盟宪法起草时亦决定不加入在宪法内，但在法律上便加以列明。为免和欧盟混淆，欧洲委员会使用的版本在中间加上了拉丁字母“e”，是为“欧洲委员会标志”。虽然有了自身的标志，在欧洲委员会的办公室或总部外仍悬挂欧洲旗。
由于欧盟的大量使用和更高的知名度，它往往更和欧盟有关。该旗也被用来在以欧洲名义参加的体育赛事中作为欧洲代表队的旗帜，而且也被作为欧盟外的国家的亲民主运\动的旗帜[4][5]。它在一定程度上亦启发了其它欧洲组织以及国家旗帜的设计，例如波士尼亚与赫塞哥维纳和科索沃。
目录 [隐藏]
1 色彩与设计
2 历史
2.1 其他版本
3 误解
4 相似旗帜
5 参见
6 参考资料
7 外部连结
色彩与设计[编辑]
欧盟旗帜标准绘制尺寸
蓝色 金色
RGB 0/51/153 255/204/0
十六进位 003399 FFCC00
Pantone Reflex Blue Yellow
CMYK 100% Process Cyan, 80% Process Magenta 100% Process Yellow
常见的竖挂版欧盟旗帜 （非官方）
历史[编辑]
1950年，当欧洲委员会成立，就有了设计一面欧洲旗帜的问题。有很多建议，但一个明确的主题出现了。理察·尼古拉斯·冯·康登霍维-凯勒奇建议采用他建立的国际泛欧联盟的旗帜，这面旗帜由蓝色的背景、橙色圆形图案和一个红色的十字组成。由于十字象征基督教，这个提议被土耳其否决（土耳其是欧洲委员会成员）。Kalergi则建议在十字旁边增加一个新月以解决穆斯林的反对。另外一个建议则基于欧洲运\动的旗帜，它在白色背景上有一个大型的绿色E。另一种设计立足于奥运\五环：在蓝色背景上有8个环形，这个设计被否绝。还有一个提议则是在蓝色背景上有一颗大型黄五角星，但也被否绝了，因为它与比属刚果旗帜和历史上德克萨斯共和国曾使用过的Burnet Flag相似。
协商会议把选择缩小到了两种设计。一个是由欧洲学院的创始人，萨尔瓦多·马达里亚加（Salvador de Madariaga）提出的，一个在蓝色背景上的星座形状（星星的位置根据各国首都的位置，用一个较大的星表示委员会所在地斯特拉斯堡）。第二个是前一个的变种，由阿瑟·海茨（Arsene Heitz）设计，用环形排列的星代替了星座。协商会议选择了这个标志，把星的数量定为15个以反映欧洲理事会成员国的数目，并建议理事会采纳。
部长理事会（欧洲委员会的主要决策机构）与大会一致认为，旗帜应该有环形排列的星星，但数量是争论的来源。最终，数字确定为12，并由保罗MG列维（Paul M. G. Levy）设计了有12个星的旗帜。1955年10月25日，理事会批准了这面旗帜，12月8日正式通过。1955年12月13日，它在巴黎的Chateau de la Muette城堡被公布。 |
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2016-08-14 22:48:32 发表 |
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